Yiziphi izinyathelo kwinqubo yokuphonsa?

Ukutshala imali, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Lost-Wax Casting, iyinqubo yokukhiqiza eye yasetshenziswa amakhulu eminyaka ukukhiqiza izinto zensimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eziqondile. Le ndlela idume ngekhono layo lokwakha amajamo ayinkimbinkimbi ngokuqedwa okungaphezulu komhlaba kanye nokunemba okubucayi. Esimweni sanamuhla sezimboni, inqubo yokutshala imali idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zemikhakha ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-aerospace, izimoto, kanye namadivayisi wezokwelapha. Ukuqonda izinyathelo ezihilelekile kwinqubo yokuphonsa kubalulekile kubakhiqizi okuhlose ukwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kanye nokukhulisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Lo mbhalo ukhipha ujule kwinqubo yokutshala imali, ukuhlola isinyathelo ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe futhi kugqamisa izinzuzo zaleli ndlela engaphelelwa isikhathi. Ukuze ubheke ukujula imikhiqizo ephumela kule nqubo, ungahle ubheke emikhiqizweni yokusebenzisa imali enikezwa abakhiqizi abaholayo.

Ukuqonda Ukutshala Ukutshalwa Kwezimali

I-Investment Casting inqubo yokuphonsa okunembile evumela ukukhiqizwa kwezakhi ngokubekezelelana okuqinile nama-geometries ayinkimbinkimbi. Kepha kuyini ukutshala imali? Emgogodleni wayo, kuhilela ukudala iphethini ye-wax engumfanekiso oqondile wengxenye oyifunayo. Le ndlela yele nkambiswe nge-refractional ceramic material ukwakha isikhunta. Lapho isikhunta silungiselelwe, i-molten Metal ithululelwa kuwo, yakha ingxenye yokugcina yensimbi lapho kuqiniswe. Ukuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene kwale nqubo kwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza izibonelo ezahlukahlukene zokutshala imali, ezingxenyeni ezincane eziyinkimbinkimbi ezintweni ezinkulu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Isizinda Somlando

Imvelaphi yokutshala imali yokwakha emuva kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Impucuko yasendulo yayisebenzisa le ndlela ukudala ubucwebe, izithombe nezicucu zobuciko. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inqubo iye yavela, ifaka izinto ezithuthukile nobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokusebenza kahle. Amasu wokutshala imali wanamuhla wokutshala imali ayisiphephelo samakhulu eminyaka wokucolisiswa, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zezimboni zanamuhla.

Ukutshala imaliInqubo yomdwebo

Ukuqonda inqubo yokutshala imali kusiza kakhulu izethulo ezibukwayo. Umdwebo wenqubo yokutshala imali uvame ukufanekisa isinyathelo ngasinye kusuka ekusungulweni kwamaphethini kuya ekuqedeni komkhiqizo wokugcina. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zingafingqwa kanjena:

Ukudalwa kwamaphethini

Umhlangano ungene esihlahleni

Ukwakheka kwesikhunta

Ukususwa kwe-wax

Ukuthulula insimbi

Ukuhlukana kokubumba

Izinqubo zokuqeda

Ngayinye yalezi zinyathelo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi nobuqotho bomkhiqizo wokugcina we-cast. Ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo, sizosebenzisa ngokujulile esigabeni ngasinye, sinikeze imininingwane nokucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe.

Isinyathelo 1: Ukudalwa Kwephethini

Isigaba sokuqala sibandakanya ukudala iphethini ye-wax iphinda i-geometry yengxenye yokugcina efiselekayo. Le pattern ye-wax ngokuvamile ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amasu wokubumba wokujova, lapho kufakwe i-wax ebiwe ku-metal eyenzelwe ukwakha ukwakheka okuqondile kwengxenye. Ukunemba kwalokhu kufa kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba noma yikuphi ukungapheleli kuzobukwa ngokuphonswa kokugcina. Intuthuko yanamuhla ibone ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa kwe-3D ekudalweni kwamaphethini, okuvumela ukujikeleza okusheshayo kanye nama-geometries ayinkimbinkimbi ayekade enza inselele ukukhiqiza.

Ukukhetha okubonakalayo kwamaphethini

Ukukhethwa kwe-wax noma ezinye izinto zephethini kuthonywa yizinto ezifana nephuzu lokuncibilika, ukunwebeka okushisayo, nokuqina okubucayi. Ama-waxes asezingeni eliphakeme aqinisekisa amaphutha amancane futhi akhulule ukususwa ngesikhathi sesikhunta. Kwezinye izimo, amaphethini wepulasitiki noma afriziwe asetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezithile.

Isinyathelo 2: Umhlangano ungene esihlahleni

Amaphethini we-wax ahlanganisiwe ahlanganiswe eCentral Wax Sprue ukwakha isakhiwo esinjengesihlahla. Lo mhlangano uvumela izingxenye eziningi ukuthi ziphonswe ngasikhathi sinye, ngcono ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa ukufutheka kwezinto. Ukuhlelwa kufanele kuqinisekise ukuhlukaniswa okwenele phakathi kwezingxenye ukuvikela amaphutha okuholela kusuka ku-Metal Stuetch noma ukugcwaliswa okungaphelele.

Design Ukucatshangelwa

Onjiniyela kumele baphendule ngezinto ezinjengokugeleza kwensimbi, amaphethini wokuqinisa, kanye nokuqina okungenzeka. Izinhlelo ezifanele ze-Gating zenzelwe ukwenza lula ukuhamba kwensimbi okubushelelezi nokudla okwanele ngesikhathi sokuqina. Ukusetshenziswa kweCommunicational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) kuvame ukuqashwa ukuze kwandise ukwakhiwa komhlangano.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukwakheka kobumba

Isihlahla esihlanganisiwe se-wax sigxiliwe sibe slurry ye-ceramic, ehlanganiswe nezinto ezinhle zokuphikisa, futhi zivunyelwe ukoma. Le nqubo iphindwa kaningi ukwakha igobolondo lobumba obuqinile obukwazi ukubekezelela ukucindezelwa okushisayo kanye nokusebenza kwemishini ngesikhathi sokuthelula insimbi. Inani lezendlalelo kanye nezinto zokwakha ezisetshenzisiwe zingahluka ngokuya ngamandla ofiselekayo nobukhulu besikhunta.

Ukomisa nokuphulukisa

Ukomisa okufanele kubalulekile ukuvikela iziphambeko ezinjengokuqhekeka noma ukuchitheka ku-Ceramic isikhunta. Izimo ezilawulwayo zemvelo, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, zigcinwa ukuqinisekisa ukoma okufanayo. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukusheshisa ama-ejenti noma amasistimu alawulwa ngu-Airflow ukwengeza inqubo yokumisa.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukususwa kwe-wax

Lapho isikhunta se-ceramic sakhiwe ngokuphelele futhi somile, i-wax ngaphakathi isuswa ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-dewaxing. Lokhu kuvame ukutholwa ngokubeka isikhunta ku-autoclave noma isithando lapho ukushisa kudala khona ukuncibilika futhi kukhishwe, kushiye ngemuva kwengxenye ye-geometry efiselekayo.

Ukugwema ukulimala kwesikhunta

Kufanele kuthathwe ukuqiniseka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukushaqeka okushisayo akulimazi isikhunta se-ceramic ngesikhathi sokususwa kwe-wax. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kancane kancane futhi ukusetshenziswa kwama-steam autoclaves kusiza ukunciphisa ukucindezela kusikhunta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthumba nokusebenzisa kabusha i-wax kunomthelela ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kokukhiqiza.

Isinyathelo 5: I-Metal Kuthulula

Isikhunta se-ceramic esenziwa ngumsebenzi-prehamic sengilungele ukuthulula insimbi. I-Molten Metal, ilungiselelwe ukucaciswa okuqondile kwezilinganiso, ithululelwa kubumbi ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi. Kwezinye izimo, ukuthela kwe-vacuum noma ukucindezela okusizwayo kuyaqashwa ukuthuthukisa ukugcwaliswa kwe-geometries eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunciphise i-poporia.

Ukukhetha kwensimbi nokulungiselela

Uhla lwezinsimbi nama-alloys lungasetshenziswa ekusakazweni kwezimali, kufaka phakathi insimbi, i-aluminium, ithusi, kanye nama-superlloys. Ukukhetha kuncike kwizakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini nokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukulawulwa kwe-metallurgical ngesikhathi sokuncibilika nokuthulula kubalulekile ukuvikela ukungcoliswa nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo.

Isinyathelo 6: I-Mold Breakout

Ngemuva kokuthi insimbi iqinisile, isikhunta se-ceramic siphukile ukuze siveze izingxenye zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe zinamathiselwe eCentral Sprie. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokudlidliza okwenziwe ngomshini, ama-jets amanzi acindezela kakhulu, noma ukuchithwa kwamakhemikhali. Inqubo yokususa kumele ibe ngcono ukuqeda yonke insalela ye-ceramic, engathinta ikhwalithi yengxenye ephelile.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokuphepha

Ama-opharetha kufanele anamathele ezinkolweni zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka isikhunta ngenxa yezingozi ezihambisana nokuvezwa kothuli nemishini yemishini. I-Equiptive Equipment Equipment (PPE) nezinhlelo zomoya omncane zibalulekile ukuze zilondoloze indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Isinyathelo 7: Izinqubo Zokuqeda

Isinyathelo sokugcina sibandakanya ukuhlukanisa ama-carfings ngamunye avela e-Strue, alandelwa izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuqeda. Lezi zinqubo zingafaka ukugaya, imishini, ukwelashwa kokushisa, nokuqedwa komhlaba ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokucaciswa okuqondile nokubekezelelana okudingekayo.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokuhlola

Izindlela zokuhlola ezingezona ezonakalisayo ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, nokuhlolwa kwedayi okuhlala kuvame ukuqashwa ukuthola iphutha langaphakathi noma elingaphezulu. Ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi eqinile kuqinisekisa ukuthi kuphela izakhi ezihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu kakhulu alethwa kumakhasimende.

Uma unentshisekelo ngemikhiqizo yethu noma unemibuzo, sicela ukhululekeXhumana nathiFuthi sizokuphendula kungakapheli amahora angama-24.