Izici nezindlela zokuvimbela izinyathelo zezulu ezimpunga ngensimbi empunga

1. Izici zezulu le-pore in iron roll cast

I-pericituration poryity empunga izintambo ze-iron iron yisici esivamile futhi esikhethekile sokuphonsa. Kubangelwa ukwehla okukhulu kwe-solubility yamagesi (ikakhulukazi i-hydrogen ne-nitrogen) kuncibilikisiwe kwinsimbi ebindayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa nokuqina, engeke ikhishwe ngokuphelele ngendlela yama-bubble futhi ihlale ngaphakathi kokuphoqelela. Izici eziyinhloko zama-pores anezinwele anjengokulandelayo:

a. Izici zendawo: Kwenzeka kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo, izigaba eziwugqinsi nezikhulu, noma izindawo eziyinhloko zokuqina kokugcina kokukhokhiswa: Lezi zindawo zinesilinganiso esanele sokuqina, ukuhlinzeka isikhathi esanele sokuvela kwe-evolution, ukunqwabelana nokukhula. Imvamisa ngaphakathi kokuphonsa (kude naphansi) Imvamisa ungahlali kude nohlelo lwe-gating kanye nama-risers: ngoba indawo ye-ging riser iqinisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi inengcindezi ephansi, igesi kungenzeka ukuthi ifuduke futhi iphunyuke kulezi zindawo. Ama-pores wezulu amathuba okuthi akheke ezindaweni ezishisayo ezishisayo kude nalezi "ziteshi zokuphelelwa ngamandla".

b. Izici zokwakheka nosayizi: ukwakheka: izimbobo ezincane kakhulu ezijikelezayo, ezi-elliptical, noma ze-teardrop ezakhiwe. Uma ama-bubble amaningi aqoqana eqinisweni eliqinile futhi akhule emadodeni, angenza futhi athole isibungu esinjengomfula, ama-tadpole afana, noma ukwakhiwa okungajwayelekile okusatshalaliswa emingceleni yokusanhlamvu. Usayizi: Imvamisa kancane, ngobubanzi obubanzi obungazungeza u-0.5mm kuya ku-3mm. Kepha futhi kungahle kube kukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi nezikhulu. Udonga lwangaphakathi: bushelelezi, bushelelezi, futhi bucwebezele (njengesibuko), esingesinye sezici ezijwayelekile kakhulu zama-pores anezinwele. Ngoba ama-bubble akhiwa ngaphakathi kwensimbi ebilisiwe, izindonga zawo zithinta ngqo ngensimbi ewuketshezi ngaphandle kwe-oxidation noma ukungcoliswa.

c. Izici Zokusabalalisa: Ukusatshalaliswa okuhlangene noma okuncane okuhlanganisiwe Ngokuvamile azihlakazwa noma zisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo (okuyicala lapho okuqukethwe kwegesi encibilikisiwe kuphezulu kakhulu). Kuhlakazeke kodwa kugxile kakhulu endaweni: ngaphakathi kwesigaba esimnyama nesikhulu noma indawo eshisayo yendawo, kungahle kube namaphoyinti amaningi ahlakazekile egesi.

d. Izici ezihlukile ezivela kwamanye ama-pores: umehluko kusuka kuma-pores ahlaselayo: ama-pores ahlaselayo avame ukubanda futhi angabi nakancane, futhi angaqukatha izindonga zomswakama wangaphandle, futhi angaqukatha, futhi igesi, kanye nokuhlasela kwegesi kungathwala i-slag). Ama-pores ahlaselayo avame ukutholakala endaweni engenhla yama-castings noma eduze kobuso be-mold cavity / isihlabathi umnyombo. Umehluko kusuka kuma-pores aphansi: Ama-pores angaphansi atholakala ngaphansi kobuso bokuphonsa (1-3mm) futhi akhiwe ngenaliti noma atholakale kuphela ngemuva kokucubungula noma ukuhlanza kuphela. Ukwakheka kwama-pores aphansi kuhlobene nokuphendula kwamakhemikhali ebusweni bensimbi ebilisiwe (enjenge-FEO + C -> FE + Co), kanye ne-oxidation kungenzeka futhi edongeni elingaphakathi. Umehluko ovela kuma-pores asebenzayo: ama-pores asebenzayo (njengama-CO CO PORES akhiqizwa ukuphendula kwe-oxygen ye-carbon) ngokuvamile abe nombala oxidiwe (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama) odongeni olungaphakathi, futhi kuvame ukuhambisana ne-slag noma i-inclusions.

e. Izici ezihlobene nezizathu zokwakheka: ezihlobene kakhulu nokuqukethwe kwegesi kwasekuqaleni kwe-molton iron: insimbi ebiwe nge-hydrogen ephezulu kanye ne-nitrogen okuqukethwe kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ama-pores wezulu. Okuhlobene eduze nesivinini sokuqina: Izindawo ezipholile kanye nezindawo ezipholile ezihamba kancane zinobungozi obuphakeme. Okuhlobene nokwelashwa kwensimbi ebilisiwe: ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimanzi, nezindwangu ezinamafutha, ama-spheroids / amazinga okushisa ngokweqile, nokuvimbela okuphezulu kakhulu kwensimbi encibilikisiwe (ukumunca okuphezulu) konke kungakhulisa ukuthambekela kwezincwadi zemvula. Isifinyezo samaphoyinti asemqoka: Indawo: Ukuphonsa ubukhulu, ingxenye enkulu yesiphambano, indawo eshisayo, nomgogodla. I-Shape: ikakhulukazi i-Round / Oval / Teardrop eyakhiwe, noma isibungu ebunjiwe. Udonga lwangaphakathi: bushelelezi, bushelelezi, futhi shiny (isici esibaluleke kakhulu!). Usayizi: Okuncane okuphakathi, imvamisa kungaphansi kuka-3mm. Ukusabalalisa: Amaqoqo awodwa noma amancane, agxile ezindaweni zasendaweni. Ukuhlonza lezi zici kubalulekile ekunqumeni ngokunembile uhlobo lokuqina, okulandela imbangela yeziphene (njengezinto zokwelashwa ezingavuthiwe, izinqubo zokuncibilika, ukunwebeka izindlela zokushisa, nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo. Ukulinganisa okuqukethwe kwegesi (ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen) yensimbi ebiwe kuvame ukuba yisinyathelo sokuqinisekisa esisemqoka lapho usola ukuthi kungukwakheka komgogodla.

Ngabe igesi kusuka ku-pores eqondile e-roll cast iron ivela? Igesi emaphepheni wensimbi empunga empunga ikakhulukazi ivela kugesi ichithwe kwinsimbi ebilisiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilikisa nokuthulula. Lawa magesi aqala ukuncipha ngenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kwe-solubity ngesikhathi sokupholisa nokuqina kwensimbi ebilisiwe. Isizukulwane sayo kanye nendlela yokulandisa kubandakanya izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali, ngamagesi asemqoka ukuba yi-hydrogen (H ₂) ne-nitrogen (n ₂), nenani elincane okungenzeka libandakanya i-carbon monoxide (co).

Imithombo esemqoka nezinqubo zokuqwayiza kwalawa magesi zinje:

a. Umthombo kanye nendlela yesizukulwane sikagesi oyisisekelo

a. 1. I-hydrogen (h ₂) - umthombo oyinhloko wamagesi avele wavela: umswakama kanye namafutha ezintweni zokwenza izintambo: ukuwohloka kwensimbi), amapulasitiki) (hydrocarbons) → I-MC + (N / 2) H ₂ Umphunga wamanzi we-H ₂ endaweni yokuncibilika emhlabathini Isimo sezulu somlilo: Umkhathi oqukethe i-H ₂ o okhiqizwe ngokuvuselelwa kwamafutha (njengegesi yemvelo, igesi ye-coke cer). Umswakama umunwe we-inoculants / izengezo: ama-inoculants noma ama-alloys afana ne-Ferrosilicon kanye ne-Ferromanganese amunca umswakama ovela emoyeni. I-Disolotion Mechanism: I-Iron ingancibilikisa igesi ye-hydrogen lapho isesimweni sokushisa se-liquid. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-solubility iphakeme kakhulu (kufika ku-5-7 ppm ngo-1500 ℃), kepha ngesikhathi sokuqina, i-solubity idonsa kakhulu cishe cishe ngo-1/3 ~ 1/2 (cishe

a. 2. I-Nitrogen (N ₂) - Umthombo obalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezintweni eziphakeme ze-nitrogen isithando somlilo. Umthombo: I-Nitrogen-equkethe izinto ze-alloys / izitayela zomlilo: i-scrap yensimbi (ikakhulukazi insimbi ye-alloy), i-nitrogen-equkethe insimbi yengulube, i-nitrogen kuma-carriburizers. I-nitrogen ephepheni lomlilo: Cishe ama-78% omoya ngu-n ₂, ophefumula lapho insimbi ebiwe ivezwa umoya noma ivuselelwa emathafeni e-arc kagesi noma yokungeniswa. I-Resin sand / coating dekompo yesihlabathi I-solubity iyehla kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqina (i-solibity eqinile iphansi kakhulu).

a. I-3. I-Carbon Moxide (CO) - Umthombo wesibili kodwa obambe iqhaza: I-Carbon (C) e-axisin ebilisiwe nge-oxygen ebilisiwe (O) noma i-FEO): (Qaphela:

3. Ungakuvimbela Kanjani Futhi Ukulawula Ukuvela Kokuphazamiseka Kwegesi: Isu Lokuvimbela: Ukusika Umthombo Wegesi + Ukukhuthaza Ukuphunyuka

a. Lawula ngokuqinile impahla yomlilo nokuncibilika kwemvelo: Izinto zothando zomile, ukuntuleka mahhala, futhi mahhala amabala kawoyela. Yomisa ngokuphelele ama-ladle namathuluzi (> 800 ℃). Gwema ukushisa ngokweqile (> 1500 ℃) nokufakelwa isikhathi eside.

b. Lungiselela ukwelashwa kwensimbi ebilisiwe: inoculant / alloy pre baked (200 ~ 300 ℃). Sebenzisa isihlabathi esiphansi se-nitrogen resin noma isihlabathi sokubumba esiqinisiwe sokuqeda amandla.

c. Inqubo yokuklama ukuqeda amandla: Faka i-Cold Iron ukusheshisa ukuqina ezindaweni ezibucayi nezikhulu. Hlela ngokufanelekile isiteshi se-riser kanye nokukhipha amandla ukwenza lula ukufuduka kwegesi kuye ohlangelini.

d. Uma kunesidingo, yenza ukwelashwa okuqunjelwe: Yethula i-inert gesi (efana ne-AR) ukushayela i-hydrogen, noma engeza i-ejenti ye-degassing (njenge-alend yomhlaba engavamile).

Iqoqo Ngesikhathi sokuqina, izisulu ezingemva kokuncipha ngenxa yokuncipha okungazelelwe kwe-solubity, futhi ekugcineni kwathunjwa ama-dendrites ukwakha ama-pores ayindilinga abushelelezi odongeni lwangaphakathi. Ukulawula ukuchithwa kwegesi yomthombo nokwandisa inqubo yokuqina kuyisihluthulelo sokwelapha inkinga.