Ukuqonda ukwelashwa okushisa kwensimbi e-ructile kanye nokuphinda kabili amandla nokuqina kokukhokhiswa akulona iphupho!

Emkhakheni wokuphonsa, insimbi e-ructile isiphenduke ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo lezicelo zezimboni ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele se-graphical graphical. Kanye nokwelashwa okushisa, njengesinyathelo esiyisihluthulelo ngokuthepha kumandla awo okusebenza, kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ungakufinyelela kanjani ukufana okuphelele kwamandla, ubulukhuni, nokuvimbela ukumelana ngokulawulwa kwenqubo? Namuhla, sizohlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo zokufingqa izinqubo eziyinhloko namaphoyinti okusebenza kokwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi e-actile.

Ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa okushisa kudinga ukufudumeza izinga lokushisa kuya ku-720-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-27-760 ℃, ukulipholisa esithandweni esiya ngaphansi kwama-500 ℃, bese umoya uyipholise esithandweni somlilo. Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wale nqubo ukukhuthaza ukubola kwe-eutectoid Carbides, ngaleyo ndlela uthole insimbi ye-ructile nge-matrix ye-ferrite.

Ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-matrix ye-ferrite, ubulukhuni bokuqukethwe bungathuthukiswa kakhulu. Le nqubo ilungele ikakhulukazi izimo lapho ingxube ye-Ferrite, Pearlite, usimende, kanye ne-graphite kuthambekele ekunciphisweni kwezimali ezinamakhemikhali ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, isilinganiso sokupholisa, nezinye izinto. I-graphization ephansi yokushisa i-annellization ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ubunzima bokuphonswa okunjalo.

I-02 i-graphitization ephezulu yokushisa ikhulisa

I-graphization ephezulu yokushisa idinga ukufudumeza ukuphonswa ku-880-930 ℃, bese uyidlulisela ku-720-760 ℃ yokufakelwa, bese ekugcineni uyipholise esithandweni somlilo ongaphansi kuka-500 ℃ bese ushiya isithando somlilo sokupholisa umoya.

Umgomo oyinhloko wale nqubo ukuqeda isakhiwo esimhlophe sokuphonsa ngokuphonsa, ngokushisa ngokugcwele nokubamba amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukubola ngesiwokukhuthazana esakhiweni esimhlophe, futhi ekugcineni uthole i-matrix ye-Ferrite. Ngemuva kokushisa izinga lokushisa okushisa kakhulu, ubunzima bokuphonswa kwe-castling kuyancipha, futhi ipulasitiki nokuqina nokuqina kwande kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kulungele ukusika okulandelayo futhi kufanelekile izingxenye zensimbi e-couctile ezidinga ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza noma ukuthuthukisa ipulasitiki nokuqina.

Amandla noMlawuli Wokusebenza Ophelele

I-02 ayiphelele i-Autunnite ejwayelekile

Izinga lokushisa elifudumele lokungaphelele kwe-auntonitization okujwayelekile lilawulwa ku-820-860 ℃, futhi indlela epholile iyafana naleyo yokuthola i-austonitization ephelele eyenziwe ngezinto ezingama-500-600 ℃. Lapho kufuthelwa ngaphakathi kwaleli banga lokushisa, ezinye zezakhiwo ze-matrix ziguqula zibe yi-Autenite, nangemva kokuphola, isakhiwo esihlanganisa uPearlite nenani elincane le-Ferrite elihlakazekile.

Le nhlangano ingakunika amandla ama-castings anezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini, ukulinganisa amandla nobunzima, futhi ilungele izingxenye ezihlelekile ngezidingo eziphakeme zokusebenza okuphelele.

Ukwakha Ukusebenza Okuphezulu 'Kwezingxenye Zokhuni

I-01 yokucisha nokwelashwa okucasulayo (ukucima phansi + ukulangazelela okushisa okuphezulu)

Amapharamitha enqubo wokuqothula nokwelashwa okuguga akushisa ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa angama-840-880 ℃, aqedewe ngamafutha noma ngamanzi okupholisa, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu ngo-550-600 ℃ ngemuva kokucima. Ngale nqubo, isakhiwo se-matrix siguqulwa sibe ngumfelikazi osofulekile ngenkathi ugcina i-morphology eyindilinga ye-graphical.

Isakhiwo sakwaMartensite esinomsindo sinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ngomdlalo omuhle phakathi kwamandla nokuqina. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okususiwe nokwehla komoya kusetshenziswa kabanzi ku-Diesel Injini CrankShaft, ukuxhuma izinduku kanye nezinye izinto shaft, ezidinga amandla aphezulu nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokusebenza.

I-02 assothermal junching

Izinyathelo zenqubo zokuqedwa kwe-isother zifudumeza ku-840-880 ℃, zilandelwa ngokuqothuka kubhavu kasawoti ngo-250-350 ℃. Le nqubo ingafinyelela i-microstructure enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ekukhokhisweni, imvamisa inhlanganisela yeBaini, i-Autenite eyinsalela, ne-graphical scidenical.

Isothermal junching ingathuthukisa kakhulu amandla, ubulukhuni, kanye nokuvimbela ukumelana kwama-castings, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezinezitifiketi eziphakeme zobulukhuni kanye nokuvimbela ukumelana, njengokuthwala izindandatho.

Ukusebenza kwendawo 'ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile'

I-01 Surcing

Imvamisa ephezulu, imvamisa ephakathi nendawo, ilangabi nezinye izindlela zingasetshenziselwa ukujuluka kwensimbi ye-ructile. Lawa masu wokuqeda amandla abucayi akha ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-martensitic arlensitic ebusweni bokushisa endaweni yangakini futhi abapholise ngokushesha, ngenkathi umgogodla ugcina isakhiwo sawo sokuqala.

Ukuqedwa komhlaba kungakuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ubulukhuni, ukugqoka ukumelana, kanye nokuphikiswa ukukhathala kwama-castings, futhi kulungele izingxenye ezinokuxineka okuphezulu kwendawo okufana namaphephabhuku we-crankshaft. Ngokuqiniswa kwasendaweni, impilo yenkonzo yezingxenye inganwetshwa.

Ukwelashwa okuthambile okuthambile

Ukwelashwa okuthambile kwe-nitriding kuyinqubo yokwakha ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe phezu kwezinkambiso ngokusebenzisa i-nitrogen carbon conf.

Le nqubo ingathuthukisa kakhulu ubunzima kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwendawo yokuphonsa, futhi ithuthukise kakhulu ukumelana nokugqoka komhlaba ngaphandle kokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima be-substrate. Ilungele izingxenye zensimbi e-ructile ezinezidingo zomsebenzi eziphakeme, njengezakhi zemishini ezidinga ukubekezelela ukungqubuzana isikhathi eside.

Amaphuzu asemqoka wokushisa kokushisa

1. Ukulawulwa kokushisa komlilo

Izinga lokushisa lokukhokhiswa okungena ngesithando somlilo ngokuvamile alidluli ama-350 ℃. Ngokugodlika ngosayizi omkhulu nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, izinga lokushisa elingena esithandweni kufanele libe ngaphansi (njengaphansi kwama-200 ℃) ukugwema ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokucindezela okushisayo okubangelwa umehluko wokushisa ngokweqile. 2. Ukukhetha izinga lokushisa

Izinga lokushisa lidinga ukulungiswa ngokosayizi nobunzima bokuphonsa, okuvame ukulawulwa ngo-30-120 ℃ / h. Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, inani eliphansi lokushisa (njenge-30-50 ℃ / h) kufanele lisetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukufudumala okufanayo kokuphonsa nokunciphisa ingozi yokuguqulwa kwe-thermal. 3. Ukunqunywa kwesikhathi sokufaka

Isikhathi sokufakelwa ngokukhethekile sinqunywa ngokusekelwe odongeni lokuphonsa, okuvame ukubalwa njengabangelwa yihora elingu-25mm njalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo se-matrix singashintsha ngokugcwele ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa futhi sifinyelele umphumela olindelekile wokushisa.

Kusuka ku- "ukuthambisa" kokufaka "okunzima" kokuqedwa, kusuka ekuqiniseni okuphelele kokusebenziseka komhlaba, inqubo ngayinye idinga ukwenziwa ngokuphelele ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kwezinto, ukwakheka kwengxenye, kanye nemibandela yensizakalo. Kunconywa ukuthi amabhizinisi asungule i-database "yenqubo yokusebenza" futhi azenzele amandla ngokuhlaziywa kwe-metallographic (njengokuhlolwa kwe-pearlite spherlio), ukwenza ukwelashwa okushisayo (ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo "ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana komkhiqizo.