Isifinyezo senqubo yokuphonsa ye-Medium Manganese Douctile Iron

Ukulawulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali kwe-Medium Manganese Douctile Iron kufaka phakathi amaphuzu asemqoka alandelayo okulawula into ngayinye enkulu:

Uhla lwe-carbon (c) okuqukethwe kuvame ukulawulwa phakathi kuka-3.0% no-3.8%. Injongo yokulawula kanye nomthelela: Ukungezelela kwe-carbon okuqukethwe kungathuthukisa uketshezi kanye nekhono lokuqhakaza le-cast iron, likhuthaze ukwakheka kwamabhola we-graphite, futhi uthuthukise ubulukhuni kanye nokugqoka. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe ngokweqile kwekhabhoni kungadala ukuthi i-graphite ibe ukuntanta nokunciphisa izakhiwo zemishini zokukhokhiswa; Uma okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphansi kakhulu, kulula ukukhiqiza isakhiwo esimhlophe esimhlophe, okwenza ama-brittle aphonsayo.

Uhla lwe-Silicon (SI) okuqukethwe kuvame phakathi kuka-3.0% no-4.5%. Injongo yokulawula kanye nomthelela: I-Silicon iyinto eqinile yokuqhafaza i-graphititing ekwazi ukucwilisa amabhola we-graphite futhi athuthukise amandla nokuqina kwensimbi e-cast. Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon okulinganiselayo kunganciphisa ukuthambekela kokuphonswa okumhlophe, kepha okuqukethwe ngokweqile kwe-silicon kunganciphisa ubulukhuni futhi kwandise ubucwebe bokukhishwa kwemali.

I-Manganese (MN) Range yokuqukethwe: Okuqukethwe kweManganese kuphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-5% no-9%. Injongo yokulawula kanye nomthelela: I-Manganese ingathuthukisa amandla, ubulukhuni, futhi igqoke ukumelana kwe-iron yensimbi, qinisa ukwakheka kwe-aucenite, futhi kwandise ukuqina. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe ngokweqile masenangese kungaholela ebukhoneni be-carbides engaphezulu kwesakhiwo, banciphise ubulukhuni, futhi bandise ukuzwela kokuqhekeka.

Uhla lwe-phosphorus (p) kanye nama-sulfur (s) okuqukethwe: Okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus kufanele kube phansi ngangokunokwenzeka, kuvame ukulawulwa ngaphansi kuka-0.05% kuye ku-0,1% kuye ku-0,1%; Okuqukethwe kwesibabule kuvame ukulawulwa ngezansi kwe-0.02% kuya ku-0.03%. Injongo yokulawula kanye nomthelela: I-phosphorus yandisa ubucwebe obubandayo be-Iron Iron, kunciphisa ubulukhuni kanye nokusebenza komthelela; Isibabule sithola kalula inclusions inclusions ye-sulfide manganese nge-manganese, ukunciphisa izakhiwo zemishini zensimbi futhi zandisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo.

Uhla lokuqukethwe lwe-Rare Earth Elementments (Re) kanye ne-Magnesium (MG): Okuqukethwe kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile ngokuvamile ziphakathi kuka-0.02% no-0.05%, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-magnesium kuphakathi kuka-0.03% no-0.06%. Injongo yokulawula nethonya: Izinto zomhlaba ezingandile kanye ne-magnesium ziyizinto ezibalulekile ekwelashweni kwe-scherhoilization, ezingaguqula i-graphite futhi zithuthukise izakhiwo zemishini zensimbi. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe ngokweqile noma okunganele kungathinta umphumela we-spheroid, okuholela kwi-morphology engajwayelekile yamabhola we-graphite noma ukwehla kwezinga le-scherhondization.

Isakhiwo seMetallographic of Medium Manganese Ductile Iron

I-Graphite Morphology - Ukushintshwa okuhle: Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-Syroudization, i-Graphite isatshalaliswa ngendlela efanayo esimweni esiyindilinga kwi-matrix, okuyisici esijwayelekile se-Medium Mangesese Ductile Iron. I-Graphite ene-spheroid enhle inganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukugxilisa ukucindezela, ithuthukise ubulukhuni kanye nezindawo zemishini yezinto ezibonakalayo. Usayizi we-Graphite: Usayizi we-graphite spheres uvame ukufana, imvamisa phakathi kwama-20 no-80 μ. Ama-spheres amancane we-graphite angasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ku-matrix, acwenge ukwakheka, futhi athuthukise amandla nokuqina.

I-matrix inhlangano-

I-Martensite: Ku-As Cast State, Medium Manganese Monceile Iron imvamisa iqukethe inani elithile leMferensi ekwakhekeni kwe-matrix. I-Martensite inezimpawu zobulukhuni obuphezulu namandla aphezulu, okungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqoka kanye namandla acindezelayo okukhokhiswa. Okuqukethwe kwalo ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-20% no-50%, futhi okuqukethwe kweMfethuni kungalawulwa ngokulungisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa.

I-Aucen: Aucenite futhi kubangela isilinganiso esithile ngengxenye ethile kwi-Medium Manganese Douctile Iron, imvamisa phakathi kuka-30% no-60%. I-Aucen inobunzima obuhle nobunzima be-plastiki, ingadonsa amandla omthelela, futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nomthelela wokukhokhiswa kwemali.

UCarbides: Kungenzeka futhi kube khona ezinye ze-carbusides esakhiweni se-matrix, njenge-carbides, i-alloy carbides, njll. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe ngokweqile kwe-Carbide kunganciphisa ubulukhuni be-matrix, futhi okuqukethwe kwalo kuvame ukulawulwa phakathi kuka-5% no-15%.

Ukufana Kwenhlangano - Isakhiwo seMetallographic esifanelekile se-Medium Manganese ye-Aucnise Iron kufanele sifane, okungukuthi, ukusatshalaliswa kwamabhola we-graphite, uhlobo kanye nengxenye yesakhiwo se-matrix kufanele kungaguquki kulo lonke elakhiweyo. Inhlangano engalingani ingadala ukuguquguquka ekusebenzeni kwama-castings, kunciphisa ukuthembeka kwabo kanye nempilo yenkonzo.

Iziphi izinto ezithinta ukwakheka kwe-metallographic of Medium Manganese Ductile Iron

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali-

Okuqukethwe kwe-carbon: Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kukhuthaza ama-graphialization, okuholela ekwandeni kwenombolo nosayizi wama-graphite sphere. Kepha uma okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphezulu kakhulu, into entantayo ye-graphite ingavela; Uma okuqukethwe kwe-carbon kuphansi kakhulu, kulula ukukhiqiza isakhiwo esimhlophe sokuphonsa, esithinta i-morphology yesakhiwo se-metallographic.

Okuqukethwe kweManganese: I-Manganese iyinto ebalulekile ethokozisayo ye-Medium Mangengese cast Iron. Ukukhuphula okuqukethwe kweMamanganese kungakhuphula ukuqina kwe-autenite, kukhuthaze ukwakheka kwama-mortensite, kuthuthukise ubulukhuni kanye nokugqokwa kokugqoka, kepha kuphakeme kakhulu kungaholela ekwandeni kwezimoto kanye nokwehla kobunzima.

Okuqukethwe yi-Silicon: I-Silicon yinto yokuqhafaza, futhi inani elifanele le-silicon lingacwilisa amabhola we-graphite futhi linciphise ukuthambekela kwamabala amhlophe. Kepha uma okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kuphezulu kakhulu, kuzokhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-pearlite ku-matrix futhi kunciphise ubulukhuni.

Izinto zomhlaba ezingandile kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-magnesium: izinto zomhlaba ezingandile kanye ne-magnesium yizinto ezibalulekile ekwelashweni kwe-spheroid, futhi okuqukethwe kwazo kuthinta umphumela we-graphite spherowization. Lapho okuqukethwe kufanelekile, ukuguqulwa kwe-graphite kuhle; Okuqukethwe okunganele kanye ne-spheroidization engaphelele; Okuqukethwe ngokweqile kungahle kube nomphumela wokuphonsa iziphambeko.

Inqubo yokuncibilika

Imishini Encibilikayo: Imishini ehlukahlukene yokuncibilika inezilawuli ezihlukile ekuvumeni kokushisa kwensimbi ebilisiwe. Ukulawulwa kokushisa okunembile kanye nokufana okuhle kokwakheka ekulinganiseni kwe-Electric Funering kunzuzo ukuthola isakhiwo esihle se-metallographic; Inqubo yokuncibilika esithandweni sokuqhuma idinga ukulawula okuqinile kwesilinganiso sokushaja isikweletu kanye namapharamitha ancibilikayo. Ukwelashwa kwe-Spherkalis kanye ne-Inoculation Inoculation: izinhlobo, amanani, kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa zabahlinzeki be-spherolizing kanye ne-inoculation agents banomthelela omkhulu kwisakhiwo se-metallographic. Ama-agents afanelekile afanele kanye nama-inoculants angaqinisekisa ukuguquguquka okuhle kwe-graphite, i-graphite enhle ye-spheroudization, futhi athuthukise ukwakheka kwe-matrix.

Izinga lokupholisa lezinto zokuphonsa: izinto ezihlukile zokuphonsa zinokuphakelayo okuhlukile okushisayo. Isibonelo, isikhunta sensimbi sinokuvuselelwa okusheshayo okushisayo namanani okupholisa, angakha kalula izinhlaka ezimhlophe noma ezamfelisi zokukhokhiswa; Izinduna zesihlabathi zinokuvuselelwa kancane okushisayo kanye nezinga lokupholisa, elivumela ukuqhafaza kwe-braphitization futhi lingathola isakhiwo se-matrix esizinzile noma se-ferrite. Ukuphonsa usayizi odongeni: Inani elipholile liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobukhulu obudonsayo odongeni. Izindawo ezibingelwe ngodonga ezithambile zipholile ngokushesha futhi zithambekele ekwakheni izakhiwo ezimhlophe noma ezenziwayo; Ukupholisa ezindongeni eziwugqinsi kuyahamba kancane, ukuqhekeka kwe-graphialization kwanele, futhi isakhiwo se-matrix singase sithambekele ngokwengeziwe ePearlite noma eFerrite. Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa, ukucima ukushisa nesikhathi: ukucima izinga lokushisa nesikhathi kube nomthelela ekuguqukeni kwe-AuPENinite ku-Martensite. Ukushisa ngokweqile okuqediwe noma isikhathi kungadala ukuthi uMfesusi abe creasen futhi anciphise ubulukhuni; Ukungalingani okucelayo okuningana noma isikhathi kungaholela ekuguqukeni kwe-martensitic okungaphelele, okuthinta ubunzima futhi kugqoke ukumelana. Ukushisa okulangangisayo kanye nesikhathi: Ukufutheka kungaqeda ukuqeda ukucindezela, ukuziqinisa ukwakheka, futhi kulungise ubunzima nokuqina. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside lizobangela ukubola kweMfesusi, linciphise ubunzima, futhi sithuthukise ubulukhuni.