Ukwelashwa kwe-porosity enzima kuma-cylindrical tubular sand cores ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zensimbi e-ductile kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokubumba isihlabathi esiluhlaza.

Namuhla sizohlaziya icala lokukhubazeka kwe-porosity okwenzeka engxenyeni yesihlabathi emboziwe yengxenye yensimbi eyi-ductile. Izinto ezibonakalayo ziyi-GGG40, ezikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa umugqa wokukhiqiza oqondile.

Ngenxa yendawo eqinile engxenyeni engezansi yomgogodla wesihlabathi wokuphonsa, kunzima ukukhipha igesi ngaphakathi kweshubhu eliyindilinga lokuphonsa. Ngakho-ke, igesi ekhiqizwe umgogodla wesihlabathi "ivaleleke" endaweni yokugcina yokuqina (indawo eshisayo) ngaphakathi kokubunjwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa insimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi ayikwazi ukukhishwa ngokushelela. Okulandelayo yizizathu ezinemininingwane zokwakheka nezisombululo ezihlelekile:

Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela eyinhloko: Ukukhishwa kwegesi ephezulu kwengqikithi yesihlabathi akufani nesikhathi sokuqiniswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Lapho umgogodla wesihlabathi esimboziwe uhlangana nensimbi encibilikisiwe enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, i-resin binder izoshisa ngokushesha futhi ibole, ikhiqize inani elikhulu legesi. Uma la magesi engakwazi ukukhishwa ngokushelela, azohlasela insimbi encibilikisiwe futhi enze izimbotshana endaweni yokugcina eqinile.

Isixazululo:

1. Lungiselela umgogodla wesihlabathi ngokwawo (okubaluleke kakhulu!): nciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwegesi komgogodla wesihlabathi: hlola uphawu kanye nemodeli yesihlabathi esimboziwe osisebenzisayo. Kunconywa ukuthi ushintshele esihlabathini esimbozwe igesi ekhishwa kancane, ngokuvamile esebenzisa inhlaka yegesi ekhishwa kancane kanye ne-ejenti yokwelapha. Thuthukisa ukuphefumla komgogodla wesihlabathi: Xhumana nomphakeli wesihlabathi esimboziwe ukuze unciphise ngokufanelekile izidingo zamandla zenkambo yesihlabathi. Amandla amakhulu asho ukuthi kunenani elikhulu le-resin eyengeziwe kanye nesizukulwane segesi esiphezulu. Amandla aphansi, aba ngcono, ngenkathi ehlangabezana nezidingo zesitayela nokulingisa. Hlola ukuthi ukubumbana komgogodla wesihlabathi kuphezulu kakhulu yini. Lapho wenza umongo, ukucindezela komjovo wesihlabathi akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu ukuvimbela umgogodla wesihlabathi ekubeni uminyene ngokweqile. Qinisekisa ukuphuma okushelelayo kwama-sand cores: Lapho wenza ama-sand cores, kufanele kwenziwe imigudu yokukhipha umoya! Kulo mgogodla omncane onobubanzi obungu-3cm, izimbobo ezimbalwa zokukhipha umoya omncane zingabhobozwa phakathi nendawo yesihlabathi ngenaliti yokukhipha umoya, noma imicu ye-wax eshumekiwe ingasetshenziswa ukuncibilika nokwenza imigudu yokukhipha umoya ngesikhathi sokuthela. Hlola ukufaneleka kwekhanda le-sand core ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ishaneli yokukhipha umoya ekhanda eliyinhloko libushelelezi futhi alivimbeli, okuvumela igesi ukuba iphume ngokushelela ekhanda eliyinhloko futhi iye kusikhunta noma kusistimu yokukhipha isihlabathi.

2. Ukulandelana kokuqiniswa kanye ne-gas trap: I-Ductile iron ine-paste efana nesici sokuqina, futhi ingaphakathi lihlala lisesimweni soketshezi isikhathi eside ngemva kokwakhiwa kwegobolondo. Ubukhulu bodonga lokubunjwa bufana, kodwa indawo emaphakathi yodonga lwangaphakathi iyindawo yokugcina yokuqinisa. Igesi engakwazi ukuchitheka yakha ukucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kwesikhunta, futhi ngesikhathi esibuthakathaka lapho ingaphezulu lensimbi encibilikisiwe noma liqala ukuqina (ngokuvamile udonga lwangaphakathi lwezingxenye ezimaphakathi nezingaphezulu), lihlasela insimbi esekhona esimweni soketshezi. Ngenxa yokwanda nokucindezela kokuqina kwe-graphite, lawa magesi ekugcineni "avaliwe" endaweni yokugcina yokuqina, enze izimbotshana ezingaphansi kwesikhumba noma izimbotshana ezihlaselayo.

3. Amakhemikhali ensimbi encibilikisiwe abhebhethekisa lesi simo: okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium (Mg) eyinsalela ngokweqile kungakhuphula ukungezwani okungaphezulu kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, kwenze kube nzima nakakhulu ukuthi amabhamuza ahlaselayo antante futhi abaleke. I-iron liquid oxidation (okuqukethwe komoyampilo okuphezulu) noma ukushaja kwesithando somlilo okungaphelele (ukugqwala, amabala kawoyela) kuzokhuphula ukuthambekela kwezimbotshana eziwa ngokwazo, zenze izimbotshana ezinzima kanye namagesi ahlaselayo.

2, Izisombululo ezihlelekile kufanele ziphenywe futhi zihlolwe ngokulandelana ukusuka kokuyisisekelo kuye kwesibili:

1. Ukwenziwa kahle kwesihlabathi (isilinganiso esiqondile nesisebenzayo) ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwegesi: Ngokushesha thintana nomhlinzeki wesihlabathi esimboziwe bese ushintshela esihlabathini esigcwele igesi ephansi. Le nto iklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo ngokusebenzisa ama-resin akhethekile nezithasiselo ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa kwegesi nokubambezeleka kokukhiqizwa kwegesi ephezulu. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-exhaust ye-sand core ayivimbeki nhlobo (okubaluleke kakhulu!): Kuma-sand cores anobubanzi obungu-30mm, isistimu yokukhipha umoya kufanele ifakwe ngesikhathi sokwenza umgogodla. Indlela engcono kakhulu: Sebenzisa intambo ye-wax eshumekiwe ngaphambili. Intambo ye-wax eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ishunyekwa phakathi nenqubo yokwenza umnyombo, futhi izintambo ze-wax ziyancibilika ngesikhathi sokuphonsa, zenze umgudu wokukhipha umoya ophelele. Indlela elula: Faka imbobo yokukhipha umoya phakathi (noma eduze) nendawo emaphakathi yesihlabathi noma ngenaliti yokukhipha umoya. Qinisekisa ukuthi lezi ziteshi zixhunywe ekhanda eliyinhloko. Lungiselela umklamo oyinhloko: Hlola indawo yomgogodla ekubunjweni ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi igebe phakathi komgogodla nesikhunta sesihlabathi alikwazi ukuvaleka ngokuphelele ngemva kokubekwa kwesihlabathi, okuwumzila wokugcina wegesi ephuma ngaphandle kwesikhunta. Uma kunesidingo, igebe phakathi kwamakhanda ayisisekelo lingandiswa noma kungenziwa izikhala ezikhethekile zokukhipha umoya.

2. Ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo (ukulungisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe nomgogodla wesihlabathi) ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa elithelayo: Lesi isilinganiso esisheshayo nesisebenza kakhulu sesikhashana esizeni. Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa ngokufanelekile (njengo-1380 ° C → 1400-1420 ° C) kungandisa isikhathi sokuba insimbi encibilikisiwe ihlale iwuketshezi futhi kunikeze isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphuma kwegesi. Yenza ingaphezulu le-sand core sinter lisheshe ukuze wenze igobolondo eliqinile elithi "vitrified", elivimbela inhlaka ejulile ukuthi ingaqhubeki nokukhipha igesi. Qaphela: Izinga lokushisa elidlulele lingabangela ezinye izinkinga (njengokunamathela kwesihlabathi), futhi iphuzu lokulinganisa lidinga ukutholwa. Sheshisa isivinini sokuthulula: finyeza isikhathi sokugcwalisa ngenkathi ugwema isiyaluyalu. Ingcindezi emile yensimbi esungulwe ngokushesha ingacindezela kangcono ukuhlasela kwegesi kanye nokukhipha umoya ngaphambi kokuqina okuphansi. Qinisekisa ukuthululwa okubushelelezi: Sebenzisa isistimu yokuthela phansi ukuze ugweme ukukhukhuleka okuqondile komgogodla wesihlabathi ngensimbi encibilikisiwe, unciphise ukuxokozela nokugoqa. 3. Ukuncibilika nokulawula uketshezi lwensimbi (ukuqeda izinkinga zomuntu siqu futhi ugweme ukufaka inhlamba ekulimaleni) lawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium eyinsalela: izinsalela ze-Mg ngokweqile "ziyimbangela" yezimbotshana. Qinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-Mg okusele ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-spheroidization kulawulwa ngaphakathi komkhawulo ophansi odingwa inqubo (njengo-0.03% -0.04%), futhi akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu. Sebenzisa izinto zesithando somlilo ezihlanzekile: Khipha insimbi engalahliwe nezinto ezigaywe kabusha ezinokugqwala okukhulu namabala kawoyela, futhi uvimbele ukubola kwazo ukuze kukhiqizwe amagesi angu-[H], [O], ne-CO. Khipha kahle i-slag: Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwe-spheroidization nokuthulula, i-slag kufanele isuswe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe i-slag ukuthi ingagoqeki emgodini wokubunjwa.

Isifinyezo nezincomo zesenzo esibalulekile

1. Okubalulekile kuqala (ukuhlola ngokushesha): Hlola ukuthi umgogodla wesihlabathi unawo yini umgudu wokukhipha umoya! Uma kungenjalo, lena inkinga okufanele ixazululwe kuqala. Zama ukuvala imicu ye-wax noma ukubopha izimbobo zokungenisa umoya.

2. Okwesibili okubalulekile (ukuhlola okusheshayo): Khulisa izinga lokushisa lokuthulula ngo-20-30 ° C futhi uqaphele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-porosity. Uma umphumela ubalulekile, ukhomba kakhulu inkinga yokukhiqizwa kwegesi kumgogodla wesihlabathi.

3. Okwesithathu okubalulekile (ukuxhumana nabahlinzeki): Cela amasampula esihlabathi esigcotshwe ngegesi ekhishwa kancane ukuze uhlolwe ngokuqhathanisa, okuvamise ukuba ukhiye wokuxazulula inkinga.

4. Okwesine okubalulekile (ukutholwa nokuqoshwa): Hlola i-Mg eyinsalela oketshezini lwensimbi ngemva kokwenziwa kwe-spheroidization ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingaphakathi kwebanga eliphansi elinengqondo.