Yiziphi izinyathelo nokusekelwa kwenqubo okudingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqina okulinganayo kwe-ductile iron?

Amaphuzu ayisisekelo enqubo yokuqina yokulinganisela ye-ductile iron kanye nokuqaliswa kwayo ekukhiqizeni kuyinqubo yokuguqula ngokuphelele ithiyori ibe umkhuba. Ingaxazulula inkinga yokuncipha kanye ne-porosity yensimbi ye-ductile ekukhiqizeni kwangempela. Ukuqaphela ukuqiniswa okunokulinganisela kwe-ductile iron kuwumsebenzi ohlelekile odinga ukuthi senze lo msebenzi olandelayo:

1, Qonda ngokujulile amaphuzu enqubo ewumongo "yokuqiniswa okulinganiselayo"

"Ithiyori yokuqinisa ukulingana" yahlongozwa nguSolwazi Wei Bing, uchwepheshe wokulingisa eChina. Ihlukana nemicabango yendabuko "yokuqina okulandelanayo" futhi umqondo wayo oyinhloko ukusebenzisa ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization phakathi nenqubo yokuqinisa i-ductile iron ukunxephezela ukushwabana, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelelwe umgomo wokulingwa ngaphandle kokushwabana kanye ne-porosity.

Amaphuzu awumongo wenqubo yawo angafingqwa abe ngamagama angukhiye amathathu:

Ibhalansi phakathi "kokukhula" kanye "nokufinyela": Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqina, i-iron edonsa amanzi idlula kukho kokubili "ukunwetshwa" ngenxa yemvula ye-graphite (ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization) kanye "nokuncipha" ngenxa yokuncipha koketshezi kanye nesimo esiqinile. Umgomo wobuciko ukudala izimo ezivumela "ukunwetshwa" ukulwa "nokufinyela". 2. Ibhalansi phakathi "kokuqina" kanye "nokuguquguquka": "ukuqina" kubhekisela ekubunjeni okunamandla anele "okubamba" ukucindezela okukhiqizwa ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization, okuphoqelela amandla okunweba ukuthi enze okuphambene nensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukushwabana. Lesi yisisekelo sokuzuza 'ukuzigcwalisa nokusifinyeza'. Ngokuvamile kufinyelelwa ngesihlabathi sokubumba esinamandla aphezulu (njengesanti ye-resin, isihlabathi esimboziwe), amabhokisi esihlabathi aqinisiwe, nezinye izindlela. I-Soft "(eguquguqukayo/evumelayo): ibhekisela ekumiseni indawo efanele" ethambile "(efana nezintuba zomoya, izikhuphukeli ezichichimayo, izendlalelo zesihlabathi esithambile) ekugcineni kwendlela noma eduze kwendawo eshisayo lapho kudingeka khona ukuncipha, okuvumela isikhunta sihlehle ngendlela elawulwayo ukuze iqondise inkambu yokushwabana, ukukhulula ukucindezela okukhulu noma ukunyakaza phakathi kodonga. "kushisa" kanye "nokubandayo": Lawula inkambu yokushisa yokusakaza ngesistimu yokufaka Ukushisa ": Ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinkulu ezishisayo, ukuncipha koketshezi oludingekayo kanye nokwengezwa kokushisa kunikezwa ngokusebenzisa izikhuphukeli ezifihliwe noma eziseceleni. Cold ": Ukusebenzisa i-ayoni ebandayo ukusheshisa ukupholisa kwendawo endaweni enezindonga ezincane noma eziphole ngokushesha, kususe izindawo ezishisayo, futhi kusungulwe izinga lokushisa elibheke esikhuphukeni.

I-mnemonic eyinhloko: "Uma iqinile, ilukhuni; uma ithambile, ithambile; uma kushisa, kuyashisa; uma kubanda, kuyabanda; sebenzisa ukunweba esikhundleni sokufinyela ukuze uzuze ibhalansi enamandla.

2, Izindlela zokuqalisa eziqondile zamaphoyinti abalulekile ekukhiqizeni

Ukuze uhumushe ithiyori engenhla ibe imisebenzi eyenziwayo yokukhiqiza, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuhlelekile kusuka kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Idizayini yenqubo yesikhunta (ukubona "ukuqina" kanye "nokuvumelana nezimo")

Khetha izinto zokubumba eziqinile: isihlabathi se-resin (i-furan resin, i-alkaline phenolic resin) noma isihlabathi esiboshwe kufanele sikhethwe. Lezi zinto zinamandla aphezulu futhi zingamelana ngokuphumelelayo nokunwetshwa kwe-graphitization, okuyisisekelo sokuzuza ukuqina okulinganiselwe. Isihlabathi sobumba (isihlabathi esimanzi) sidinga ukulawulwa okuqinile komswakama kanye nezinga lokuhlanganisa, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukuqiniswa kwamabhokisi esihlabathi nokubunjwa. Isistimu yokuthela eklanywe ngokufanele futhi ehlangene: ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-semi avareji (njengo-F oqondile: F ovundlile: F ngaphakathi=1.5:1.2:1) noma isistimu yokuthela evalwe ngokugcwele. Ukugcwalisa ngokushesha kunciphisa ukuguguleka futhi kusiza inkomishi ye-sprue kanye ne-sprue ukuthi ibe nomthelela othile wokuncipha esigabeni sakamuva. Sebenzisa izikhuphukeli 'ezincane kodwa eziningi': Izikhuphukeli akudingeki zibe zinkulu njengensimbi ekhonjiwe. Sebenzisa iziphakamisi ezinosayizi omncane, ikakhulukazi ezifihliwe (iziphakeli zonqenqema, izifunzi zendlebe, izifunzi zamadada, njll.) noma izifunzi eziseceleni. Ukuklama kwentamo yesikhuphukeli kuyisihluthulelo: kufanele kube "mfushane, mncane, futhi ubanzi". Umsebenzi wayo ukunxephezela ngokushelelayo ukuncipha koketshezi ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuqala sokuqiniswa, kanye nokuzivala ngokushesha (ukuziqinisa) ekuqaleni kokunwetshwa kwe-graphitization esigabeni esimaphakathi sokuqina, ukukhiya ingcindezi yokunweba ngaphakathi kokusakazwa esikhundleni sokuyikhulula esikhuphukeni. Ukusetshenziswa okukhaliphile kwe-ayoni ebandayo: Ukubeka i-ayina ebandayo yangaphandle endaweni eshisayo ewugqinsi yokubunjwa kungasheshisa ukupholisa kwaleyo ndawo, kuqede indawo eshisayo, futhi kunciphise ukuncika kwayo esikhuphukeleni. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nesikhuphukeli, izinga lokushisa elingcono kakhulu lingasungulwa ukuze liqondise ukulandelana kokuqiniswa. Ukusetha i-exhaust kanye nokuchichima: imigodi eyanele yokukhipha kufanele imiswe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu kanye nendawo yokugcina yokugcwalisa ye-mold cavity ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi okubushelelezi kusuka emgodini. Isikhuphukeli esichichimayo (isikhwama sokuqoqa i-slag) sifakwa ekupheleni kokuthululwa noma ekugelezeni kokugcina kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ayikwazi ukuqoqa i-slag kuphela kodwa futhi ikhiphe insimbi encibilikisiwe enezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ilinganisela ukucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwesikhunta.

2. Ukulawula ukuncibilikisa kanye ne-spheroidization (isiqinisekiso somthombo "sokwanda")

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuzinzile: I-Carbon Equivalent (CE): Ukwamukela ikhabhoni ephezulu, isisombululo se-silicon ephansi. I-CE ivamise ukulawulwa phakathi kuka-4.6% no-4.9%. Ikhabhoni ephezulu ingaqinisekisa imvula eyanele yegraphite futhi ikhiqize amandla anele okunweba; I-silicon ephansi ingavimbela ukwanda okweqile kwezinga lokushisa le-eutectic futhi ivimbele ukunwetshwa kwe-graphite ukuthi kufike sekwephuze kakhulu. Okuqukethwe okusele kwe-magnesium (Mg): akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile kulawulwa ku-0.03% -0.05%. Ukuphakama okudlulele kuzokhuphula ukuthambekela kokulingisa okumhlophe, kuvimbele i-graphitization, futhi kunciphise ukunwetshwa. Umphumela omuhle we-spheroidization: Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga le-spheroidization lifinyelela amazinga angu-1-2. Amabhola angama-graphite ayindilinga kuphela anganikeza amandla okukhulisa anele futhi afanayo. Lapho inani lamabhola e-graphite likhula futhi lincane, ukunwetshwa kuqala kuqala, futhi umphumela uba ngcono. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokuthulula: Esimweni sokuqinisekisa ukugcwaliswa okuphelele, zama ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokuthulula ngangokunokwenzeka (njenge-1320 ℃ -1380 ℃). Ukuthululwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kungehlisa inani lokushwabana koketshezi, kufinyeze isikhathi sokuqina, futhi kunikeze amandla ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization kwangaphambilini nangempumelelo ukuze kunxephezele ukuncipha.

3. Ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza (isiqinisekiso sebhalansi eguqukayo)

Ukuminyana okwanele kwesihlabathi esibumbayo: Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuqina kwesikhunta sesihlabathi kuyahlangabezana nezinga (njenge-resin sand>90, clay sand>85), futhi uqinisekise "ukuqina" kwesikhunta. Isilinganiso esinembile sensimbi encibilikisiwe: Qinisekisa inani elinembile lensimbi kuphakheji yokwelapha ye-spheroidization ukuze uqinisekise ukungezwa okunembile kwe-ejenti ye-spheroidizing kanye ne-inoculant, ngaleyo ndlela uzinzise umphumela we-spheroidization kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Ukusakaza okusheshayo: Thela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-spheroidization (ngokuvamile kuqedwa phakathi nemizuzu eyi-10 ngemva "kokuxazulula ukusabela") ukuze uvimbele ukuzala nokuncipha kwe-spheroidization. Isikhathi sesibhakela esiphusile: Ngemuva kokuthululwa, ukubunjwa kufanele kube nesikhathi esanele sokufaka esikhunjeni sesihlabathi (okungenani ngemva kokuqedwa kokuqina kwe-eutectic) ngaphambi kokushaya isibhakela nokusahlabathi. Isibhakela sangaphambi kwesikhathi sizolahlekelwa ukucindezela "kokuqina" kwesikhunta sesihlabathi, futhi ukulingisa kuzokhubaza noma kuze kuvuvuke ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla okwandisa, okuholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwengozi yokuncipha kwangaphakathi nokuxega.

isifinyezo

Kafushane, ukuzuza ukuqina okulinganiselwe akuyona indlela eyodwa, kodwa umqondo ohlelekile osebenza kuyo yonke inqubo yokuklama inqubo, ukulawula ukuncibilika, nokuphathwa kokukhiqiza. Kudinga abakhiqizi ukuba babe nokuqonda okujulile kwezici zokuqiniswa kwe-iron ductile, futhi bazuze umphumela ofanele "wokushintsha ukushwabana ngokunwetshwa nokulinganisa ukuqina nokuguquguquka" ngochungechunge lwezinyathelo ezifana nokusakazwa kokuqina okuphezulu, isikhuphukeli esincane, insimbi ebandayo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuthulula, kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe yekhwalithi ephezulu. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, kuyanconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwenqubo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesigaba emikhiqizweni evamile ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kunqunywe amapharamitha enqubo afaneleka kakhulu ezimo ezithile zokukhiqiza.