Ikhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-410 ezine-silica sol, enesisindo esingamagremu angama-205, ezinokukhubazeka kwamabala e-oxidation: izimbangela nezisombululo.

Uma usebenzisa i-zircon powder/isihlabathi njengongqimba olungaphezulu, amaphuzu e-oxidation namabala avela ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ezingu-410 (ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezincane ezinesisindo esingamagremu angu-200). Kufanele siziphenye kanjani izimbangela futhi sithuthukise izixazululo. Ake sihlaziye iziphetho eziyinhloko ngamunye ngamunye: le "point and spot" oxidation ngokuvamile ayibangelwa isici esisodwa, kodwa kunalokho umphumela wokusabela okunobudlova phakathi koketshezi lwensimbi olusebenza kakhulu kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo segobolondo esingcolisiwe endaweni. Imbangela eyinhloko yenkinga ilele "kwikhwalithi yegobolondo" kanye "ne-steel liquid shell interface reaction".

I-1, Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwakhiwa kwamabala / amabala e-oxidation zihlaziywa, kuhlanganiswe nezici "ze-zircon powder / sand surface layer" kanye "ne-point oxidation". Izizathu eziyinhloko zibalwa ngokulandelana okungenzeka ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Ukungcoliswa kongqimba olungaphezulu lwegobolondo (umsolwa oyinhloko) Okubalulekile kwe-Zirconia ngokwayo: Ikhwalithi ephansi noma i-Zirconia powder/isihlabathi esimanzi ingase iqukathe ukungcola okufana ne-iron oxide (Fe ₂ O3) ne-titanium oxide (TiO ₂). Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, lokhu kungcola kuzosabela ngokwekhemikhali ngezinto ezifana ne-chromium (Cr) ne-aluminium (Al) kunsimbi engagqwali, okushiya izimpawu zokusabela zasendaweni (okungukuthi izimpawu ze-oxidation) endaweni yokusakaza. Ukungcola ngesikhathi sokusebenza: Eshabhu yokwenza amagobolondo, ukugqwala, uthuli, nezinto eziphilayo (njengemicu yamagilavu ​​kanye namafutha) kungase kuxutshwe phakathi ngesikhathi sokumboza noma inqubo yokugcotshwa kwesihlabathi. Lokhu kungcola kuzokwakha "amaphoyinti abuthakathaka" anamaphuzu ancibilikayo aphansi noma umsebenzi ophezulu endaweni ngemva kokubalwa kwegobolondo. Ukuzinza kwe-silica sol: uma i-silica sol inejeli yendawo noma ukungcola, izothinta ukufana kwe-coating, kubangele amandla endawo anganele noma ukunothisa ukungcola.

2. Ukuwoswa kwegobolondo okunganele kanye nomswakama osele (isizathu esiyinhloko): Izinsalela zomswakama zingenye yezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokwakheka "kwamaphuzu e-oxidation". Uma izinga lokushisa lokugazinga legobolondo linganele (<900 ℃) noma isikhathi sokuvala singanele, kuzoba namanzi ayikristalu asele noma amanzi amakhemikhali ezingqimbeni ezijulile zegobolondo (ikakhulukazi amagobolondo aminyene namakhulu). Uma insimbi encibilikisiwe enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ijovwa, amanzi ayahwamuka ngokushesha, futhi umfutho womhwamuko uphezulu kakhulu, ubhodloza igobolondo eliqinile elincanyana elingaphambi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, liveze insimbi encibilikisiwe entsha ngaphakathi futhi ibhekane nokusabela kwe-oxidation ngomhwamuko wamanzi: I-Fe+H ₂ O → iphoyinti le-oxide le-FeO+H ₂ lakheka njengamaphinifa e-oxide. Izinsalela zekhabhoni ephilayo: Ukugazinga okungaphelele kungaholela ekufakweni kwekhabhoni kwezingxube ze-organic ku-silica sol kanye nama-ejenti akhulula isikhunta esikhundleni sokuvutha okuphelele, kwakhe izindawo ezicebile ngekhabhoni. Lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ihlangana nale ndawo, ikhabhoni izonciphisa i-SiO ₂ egobolondweni, ikhiqize igesi ye-CO, ezophinde ilimaze ubuso bensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi ibangele i-oxidation yendawo kanye ne-carburizing.

3. Ukuncibilika okunganele kanye nokuvikela okuthululwayo (isizathu esiyisisekelo) ukukhishwa okungaphelele kwe-deoxidation: I-Chromium ku-410 insimbi engagqwali ijwayele ukungena kwi-oxidation. Uma i-deoxidation yokugcina (evame ukusebenzisa i-aluminium) inganele, okuqukethwe komoyampilo okuncibilikisiwe ensimbi encibilikisiwe kuzoba phezulu, futhi kuzovama ukunqwabelana phezulu noma kuhlanganiswe nama-reactants egobolondo ekugcineni kokuqiniswa, okwenza iphoyinti njengama-oxides. Ukugeleza kokuvikela ukusakaza okunganele: Ngisho nokuvikelwa kwegesi ye-argon, uma ukugeleza komoya kubuthakathaka kakhulu, kuhlakazeke ngokulinganayo, noma kuphazamisekile, umoya usazodonselwa emfudlaneni osakazayo kanye nenkomishi ye-sprue, okubangela amaconsi ensimbi ukuthi afafaze futhi akhiphe i-oxidize futhi angene emgodini wokukhunta nomfudlana, enze izindawo ezihlakazekile ze-oxidation.

4. Ukungafani kwamapharamitha wenqubo (isici esivusayo) Ukungafani phakathi kwezinga lokushisa legobolondo kanye nezinga lokushisa elithululwayo: Izinga lokushisa langaphambili legobolondo liphansi kakhulu (elifana no-<600 ℃), kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lokuthululwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe liphezulu kakhulu. Umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwakho kokubili mkhulu kakhulu, okuzoqinisa ukuqhuma kwegesi esibonakalayo nokushaqeka kwe-thermal, futhi kubangele ukusabela kwamaphuzu. Ukushisisa ngokweqile kwensimbi encibilikisiwe: Izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo elidlulele (elifana nokudlula i-1650 ℃) lizoqinisa ukusebenza kabusha kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe negobolondo.

2, Isixazululo esihlelekile (kusuka esimweni esiphuthumayo kuye kumbangela) Isinyathelo 1: Uphenyo oluphuthumayo esizeni kanye nokusingatha (ukwenziwa ngokushesha)

1. Hlola isithando sokubhaka igobolondo: linganisa ithuluzi lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokuthosa lingu-≥ 950 ℃ futhi isikhathi sokubamba singama-≥ amahora angu-2 (kuye ngokuthi ukwanda kwegobolondo ubukhulu), futhi uhlole ukujikeleza komkhathi wesithando somlilo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi igesi yokukhipha ingakhishwa.

2. Hlola izinto zokusetshenziswa: Thatha iqoqo elisha lokuhlanzeka okuphezulu (amakhemikhali ahlanzekile noma ibanga lokuqala) i-zircon powder/isihlabathi ukuhlola ukuqhathanisa. Naka ngokukhethekile okuqukethwe kwayo kwensimbi (Fe) kanye ne-titanium (Ti).

3. Hlola indawo yokwenziwa kwamagobolondo: Hlanza indawo yokusebenzela yokwenza amagobolondo, qinisekisa ukuthi ukumbozwa kwendawo kuhlukanisiwe nendawo enesihlabathi, futhi uvimbele ukungcola kothuli lokugqwala. Bheka i-silica sol ukuze uthole izinhlayiya noma ijeli.

4. Qinisa ukuvikela kokuphonsa: ukwandisa okwesikhashana amandla okuvikela igesi ye-argon ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi indebe yokuthululela ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele negesi ye-argon ngesikhathi sokuphonsa.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yesikhathi esifushane (phakathi kwamaviki angu-1-2)

1. Lungiselela inqubo yokuthosa: sebenzisa "isinyathelo sokushisisa ukugazinga": khulisa isikhathi sokufakelwa esigabeni sama-400-600 ℃ ukuze uvumele izinto eziphilayo ukuthi zibole ngokugcwele futhi zihwamuke; Gcina i-insulation eyanele ngaphezu kuka-900 ℃ ukuze ukhiphe amanzi amakhemikhali. Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile, thela ngokushesha ngemva kokubhaka noma ugcine kuhhavini onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (>200 ℃) ukuze uvimbele ukumuncwa komswakama.

2. Ukuqinisa ukwelashwa kokuncibilika: Ukukhishwa kwe-aluminiyamu okuqinile kokugcina: Ngaphambi kokuthepha, faka intambo ye-aluminium engxenyeni ejulile yensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuze kukhishwe i-deoxidation yokugcina, futhi ulawule okuqukethwe okusele kwe-aluminium ku-0.02% -0.08%. Yehlisa ngokufanelekile izinga lokushisa lokuthulula: Esimweni sokuqinisekisa ukugcwaliswa okuphelele, yehlisa izinga lokushisa lokuthulula kusuka ekushiseni okuphezulu (okufana no-1550 ℃) ngo-10-20 ℃ ukuze unciphise ukusabela okushisayo.

3. Lungisa izinga lokushisa legobolondo lesikhunta: finyeza isikhawu phakathi kwegobolondo lesikhunta elikhishwa esithandweni futhi lithele isikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka, uqinisekise ukuthi izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwegobolondo lesikhunta liphakathi kuka-800-900 ℃. Amagobolondo okushisa aphezulu anganciphisa umehluko wokushisa esibonakalayo futhi aqinisekise ukuqina okubushelelezi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukulawula okuhlelekile kwesikhathi eside (isixazululo esiyisisekelo)

1. Okubalulekile kwesheli nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo: Ukuhlolwa kokushintshwa kwesendlalelo esingaphezulu: Uma inkinga iqhubeka, cabanga ukufaka ungqimba olungaphezulu esikhundleni se-alumina ehlanganisiwe engasebenzi (Al ₂ O3) noma i-"corundum emhlophe". Nakuba izindleko ziphezulu, ukusebenza kabusha ngensimbi ephezulu ye-chromium kuphansi. Ukwethulwa kwenqubo ye-sintering yongqimba lwangaphezulu: Ngemva kokuqedela ungqimba olungaphezulu kanye nokwenza igobolondo lesendlalelo sesibili, isiyingi esengeziwe sezinga lokushisa eliphansi (800 ℃) siyengezwa ukuze kugxiliswe ungqimba olungaphezulu nokuqeda ezinye izinto ezikhipha igesi kusengaphambili.

2. Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuncibilika nokuthulula: ukusebenzisa ukuncibilika kokuvikela i-argon: ukusebenzisa igesi ye-argon ukumboza noma ukuvuthela ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwesithando sokungenisa. Ukusebenzisa i-vacuum noma i-protective atmosphere casting: Emikhiqizweni efunwa kakhulu, ukutshala imali ku-vacuum induction melting casting noma amabhokisi okusakaza agcwele i-argon kuyisixazululo esiphelele.

3. Sungula amaphoyinti okuqapha inqubo: Ukuhlolwa kwempahla eluhlaza: Yenza amasampula okuqukethwe okungcolile kweqoqo ngalinye le-zircon powder. Irekhodi lokuthoswa kwegobolondo: Sungula ukuqapha kwejika lesikhathi lokushisa kwesithando somlilo ngasinye. Imephu enesici sokusakaza: Thatha izithombe futhi ufake kungobo yomlando indawo ne-morphology yamaphoyinti e-oxidation, hlaziya ukuhlobana nendawo yesihlahla, bese ulandelela umthombo wokungcola.

Fingqa inqubo enconyiwe yokuxazulula inkinga yenkinga "yamaphuzu e-oxidation/amabala ongqimba olungaphezulu lwesihlabathi se-zircon powder ku-205 gram casting". Kunconywa ukubeka phambili ukuxazulula inkinga ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Izinsolo eziyinhloko: Ingabe igobolondo elosiwe lanele? Yenza izivivinyo zokuqhathanisa ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa lokugazinga kanye nesikhathi sokubamba.

2. Izinsolo zesibili: Ingabe impahla ye-zircon ihlanzekile? Shintshanisa iqoqo lezinto ezibonakalayo ezihlanzeke kakhulu ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqhathanisa.

3. Hlola ngesikhathi esisodwa: Ingabe ukuvikela ukuthululwa kusebenza ngempela? Hlola isimo sokugeleza komoya epayipini le-argon, imitha yokugeleza, nenkomishi ye-sprue.

4. Ukwenza kahle kokugcina: Lungisa ukumadaniswa kwemingcele yenqubo, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa legobolondo kanye nezinga lokushisa elithelayo. Ngophenyo oluhleliwe olungenhla kanye nokwenza kahle, ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa ukoma okuphelele nokuhlanzeka kwegobolondo nokuvikela isixhumi esibonakalayo esiqinisayo, amaphuzu e-oxidation namachashaza angaphezulu kwensimbi engagqwali engama-410 yokubunjwa okunembayo kungaqedwa ngempumelelo.