Ungazikhiqiza kanjani izingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga eziqinile ngaphandle kokungeza izinsimbi eziyigugu njengama-alloys?

Ukugeleza kwenqubo enemininingwane yokukhiqiza i-HT300 high-streng grey cast iron ngaphandle kwe-alloying

Isigaba 1: Izithako Nokuncibilika - Ukubeka Isisekelo

1. Izinto ezikhethiwe zesithando somlilo: insimbi yengulube: insimbi yengulube ehlanzekile kakhulu noma insimbi yengulube yekhwalithi ephezulu isetshenziswa, ebonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezinto zokulandelela (ezifana ne-Ti, V, As, Sb, njll.). Lezi zakhi zokulandelela zingaphazamisa i-morphology ye-graphite, engahambisani nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla. Ubukhulu be-iron block kufanele bufane. Insimbi ye-Scrap: Ingxenye yokwengezwa idinga ukwanda kakhulu, ngokuvamile ibalwa ku-30% -40% wenkokhelo yesithando somlilo. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi, isibabule esiphansi esihlanzekile, njengezingxenye zokugxiviza, imfucumfucu yensimbi ye-carbon, njll., kuhloswe ukuhlambulula ikhabhoni nokungcola kunsimbi encibilikisiwe. Izinto ezigaywe kabusha: Sebenzisa ama-sprues nokulahlwa kwemfucuza yomkhiqizo ofanayo ukuze uqinisekise ukwakheka okuzinzile. Lawula ngokuqinile ubukhulu kanye nokuhlanzeka kwayo ukuze ugweme ukwethula ukungcola okuningi. 2. Isibalo esinembile sesithako: Umbono oyinhloko: Ikhabhoni ephansi elingana. Umgomo uwukulawula ngokuqinile i-carbon equivalent (CE) phakathi kwebanga elincane lika-3.8% kuya ku-4.0%. Ikhabhoni (C): Inani eliqondiwe libekwe ku-2.9% -3.2%. Ukucindezela okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ngengxenye ephezulu yensimbi engasasebenzi. I-Silicon (Si): I-silicon yokuqala esithandweni ilawulwa ku-1.2% -1.5%, ishiya isikhala esanele sokwenyuka sokwelashwa okulandelayo. Ibhalansi phakathi kwe-manganese (Mn) nesibabule (S) ibalulekile. Umgomo uwukulawula okuqukethwe kwesibabule phakathi kuka-0.07% no-0.12%, bese kubala inani le-manganese elingezwe ngokwefomula ethi Mn% ≈ 1.7 × S%+0.3%. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, okuqukethwe kwe-manganese kuvamise ukuba phakathi kuka-0.8% no-1.0%. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela ezizuzisayo ze-MnS futhi kukhuthaze ukwakheka kwe-pearlite. I-Phosphorus (P): Kufanele ikhawulwe ngokuqinile ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.08%, njengoba i-phosphorus inganciphisa ukuqina namandla ensimbi ekhonjiwe. 3. Ukuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: Isithando somlilo se-Medium frequency induction sisetshenziselwa ukuncibilika ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubunjwa okufanayo kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile. Izinga lokushisa lokushaya kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-1520 ℃. Inhloso yokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukunciphisa ngokugcwele igesi (i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen) okuqukethwe kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ukuntanta ngokugcwele okufakiwe okungezona ezensimbi ukuze uthole insimbi emsulwa encibilikisiwe. Nikeza izinqolobane zokushisa ezanele zokucubungula nokuthululwa okulandelayo.

Isigaba sesi-2: Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwesithando somlilo nokuthela - ukulawula okunembile

1. Ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo nokulungiswa kwezingxenye zesithando somlilo: Thatha amasampula oketshezi lwensimbi ukuze uhlaziye i-spectral noma ukuhlaziya okushisayo ukuze uthole ngokushesha okuqukethwe kwangempela kwe-C, Si, Mn, P, kanye ne-S. Ishuni elihle ngokwemiphumela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izakhi zingaphakathi kwefasitela eliqondiwe, ikakhulukazi elilingana nekhabhoni. 2. Ukwelashwa kwe-incubation okuphumelelayo: Lona umphefumulo wayo yonke inqubo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezilingana nekhabhoni ephansi, ukuthambekela kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ekubunjweni okumhlophe kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi kuyadingeka ukuqeda isikhunta esimhlophe nokucwenga i-graphite ngokujova okuqinile. Ukukhethwa kwezijovo: Khetha izijovo ezikwazi ukumelana ngokuqinile nokubola nekhono lenucleation, njenge-strontium (Sr) - equkethe i-ferrosilicon noma i-barium (Ba) - equkethe i-ferrosilicon. Inqubo yokufukamela: Ukwamukela indlela yokufaka i-flow inoculation. Ngaleso sikhathi lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe igeleza isuka ku-ladle iye enkomishini ethelayo, isiphakeli esizinikezele sokujova sisetshenziselwa ukufaka imijovo enobukhulu obuyizinhlayiyana ezingu-0.2-0.7mm ekugelezeni kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Inani lokwengeza: lilawulwa ku-0.3% -0.5% (ngesisindo sensimbi encibilikisiwe). Umphumela: I-incubation esheshayo inganikeza inani elikhulu lama-crystal cores e-graphite ngaphambi kokuqiniswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela ithole i-graphite yohlobo lwe-A (ama-flakes amahle, ukusabalalisa okufanayo) nokuvimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukubukeka kwe-cementite emaphethelweni. Ukucwengwa kwe-graphite kuholela ngokuqondile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-matrix pearlite. 3. Ukulawula ukuthela nokupholisa: Izinga lokushisa lokuthulula: Esizeni sokuqinisekisa ukugcwaliswa okwanele, kusetshenziswa izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuthulula, ngokuvamile eliphakathi kuka-1320 ℃ no-1350 ℃. Ukusakaza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kusiza ekwandiseni ukupholisa okungaphansi futhi kucwengisise amaqoqo e-eutectic. Inqubo yokulingisa: Indlela ekhethwayo ukuphonsa kwensimbi embozwe ngesihlabathi, okuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuthola amandla aphezulu. Sebenzisa isikhunta sensimbi (uhlobo lwensimbi) njengesimo sangaphandle, futhi umboze indawo yayo yokusebenza ngolwelwesi lwesihlabathi oluwugqinsi lwamamilimitha angu-4-8. Le nqubo ingathuthukisa kakhulu isivinini sokupholisa futhi iphoqelele ukuqiniswa okusheshayo kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Izinzuzo zokupholisa okusheshayo: ama-inki amahle kakhulu ama-flakes. Ukucwenga kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwe-interlayer kwe-pearlite kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa amandla. Yenza ukwakheka okuphelele kwe-casting denser futhi kufane kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ebandayo: Ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi okuvamile, kuyadingeka ukubeka insimbi ebandayo yangaphandle ngokunengqondo ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi nezishisayo zokubunjwa ukuze kuphoqelelwe lezi zingxenye ukuthi ziqine ngokuhambisana nezingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane, zigweme ukushwabana nokuxega, futhi kucwengisiswe isakhiwo sendawo.

Isigaba Sesithathu: Ukucutshungulwa Kokuthunyelwa Nokuhlolwa

1. Ukuhlanza isihlabathi nokwelashwa kokushisa: Ngemva kokuba ukubunjwa kuqiniswe, kushiywe esikhunjeni isikhathi esanele kuze kube ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwesigaba, bese ibhokisi ligcwele isihlabathi ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngokweqile. Yenza i-annealing yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka, ngokuvamile ekushiseni okungu-520 ℃ -550 ℃, ubambe amahora angu-2-4, bese upholisa ngesithando somlilo. Ukunakwa okukhethekile: Izinga lokushisa le-anneal akumele lidlule ku-720 ℃, ngaphandle kwalokho i-flake ecolekile njengeparele izoba yi-spheroidization, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla nobulukhuni. 2. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi eqinile: Izakhiwo zikagesi: Ulingisi olulodwa noma amabha okuhlola anamathiselwe athululelwa eduze komugqa, futhi amandla aqinile akalwa emshinini wokuhlola wendawo yonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza okungaphezu kuka-300MPa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Metallographic: Hlola ukwakheka kwe-metallographic kwesampula noma ibha yokuhlola. Inhlangano ehlosiwe yilena: ≥ 95% we-lamellar pearlite+ enhle, esatshalaliswe ngokufanayo uhlobo lwe-graphite yohlobo lwe-A (ubude be-graphite bamamaki angu-3-4 buyakhethwa)+ayikho i-cementite yamahhala. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina: Kala ubulukhuni be-Brinell emzimbeni ophonsayo. Ubulukhuni be-HT300 ngaphandle kwe-alloy ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-190-220HBW, okuyinto evamile.

Isifinyezo kanye namathiphu angumongo:

Ukukhiqizwa okuyimpumelelo kwe-alloy free HT300 kuncike ochungechungeni olunembile lwezingxenye ezixhumene: impahla yomlilo ehlanzeke kakhulu+ifomula elingana nekhabhoni ephansi+izinga eliphezulu lokushisa okuncibilikayo+okunembile ibhalansi ye-Mn/S+i-incubation esheshayo esebenzayo+ukupholisa okusheshayo okuphoqelekile. Noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa kokulawula kunoma iyiphi yalezi zixhumanisi kungase kuholele emandleni anganele noma ukubonakala kwezigaba eziqinile neziphukayo. Lena inqubo edinga ukuphathwa okuphezulu kakhulu nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe, kodwa uma isikwazi kahle, inganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi ithuthukise ukuncintisana komkhiqizo.