Yiziphi izici zokukhubazeka kokuguquguquka kwesihlabathi ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga kusetshenziswa isihlabathi esiluhlaza? Uyini umehluko phakathi kokukhubazeka kwamehlo e-slag?

I-1, Isici esijwayelekile sokukhubazeka kokuguquguquka kwesihlabathi ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesihlabathi, njengoba igama libonisa, kuyisici esibangelwa uketshezi lwensimbi "ukugubha" isikhunta sesihlabathi. Ungakucabanga njengomfula onyakazayo ukhukhula inhlabathi osebeni lwawo.

Indawo: Ihlala ivela endaweni enezinga lokugeleza elishesha kakhulu namandla omthelela anamandla wensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ezivame kakhulu zibhekene ngqo ne-sprue, endaweni yokujika ye-mold cavity, noma kunoma iyiphi indawo yesikhunta sesihlabathi noma umgogodla obhekene ngqo nomthelela wokugeleza kwensimbi. Nomaphi lapho uketshezi lwensimbi lugeleza khona njengesibhamu samanzi, izinkinga zingenzeka kakhulu. Ukubukeka: Ebusweni bokubunjwa, kubonakala njengemigodi noma imigodi emagebhugebhu, engavamile, ngokuvamile emise okwemicu emide, futhi isiqondiso saso sokunwetshwa sihambisana nendlela yokugeleza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ngaleso sikhathi, njengokungathi igeyiwe. Ukuthinta indaba: Leli yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Kulezi migodi noma izimbobo zangaphakathi eziphumela (imigodi yesihlabathi), ungabona ngokucacile noma uzizwe uhlakazekile, izinhlayiya zesihlabathi eziboshwe ngensimbi. Ingasuswa ngamathuluzi futhi inokwakheka okusanhlamvu okubonakalayo. Lezi zihlabathi zivela ezibunjeni zesihlabathi ngokwazo eziye zakhukhuleka. Kalula nje, ukuze kuqashelwe ukuguquguquka kwesihlabathi, amaphuzu amathathu kufanele athathwe: indawo isendaweni egeleza ngesivinini esikhulu, ukubukeka kuyimigodi emagebhugebhu, futhi kunesihlabathi ngaphakathi.

I-2, Isici esijwayelekile se-slag eye defect ukuthi i-slag ethwelwe insimbi encibilikisiwe ingena emgodini wesikhunta. Ungacabanga ngakho njengebhodwe le-Congee elibilayo, futhi "amafutha e-Congee" kanye negwebu elingenakuqedwa phezulu kwahlanganiswa endishini.

Indawo: Ngenxa yokuthi i-slag ngokuvamile ilula kunensimbi encibilikisiwe, izontanta ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke iningi lemigodi ye-slag ivela endaweni engaphezulu ye-castings, empandeni yezikhuphukeli, noma emakhoneni omgodi wokukhunta ekugcineni agcwele insimbi encibilikisiwe. Iyantanta 'phezulu. Ukubukeka: Iso le-slag lingaba imbobo ezimele noma umgodi ebusweni bokuphonsa. Udonga lwayo lwangaphakathi lushelelezi uma kuqhathaniswa, aluqinile njenge-sandblasting, ngokuvamile lubenyezela njengengilazi noma luveza umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama, ompunga obumnyama. Ukwakheka: Emgodini, okutholayo akusona isihlabathi esixegayo, kodwa uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo eziyingilazi, eziphukayo neziqinile ezingezona ezensimbi. Umbala uvame ukuba mnyama (njengokuluhlaza okotshani, omnyama), futhi isakhiwo singase sibe igwebu elinezimbotshana noma ukucwebezela okuminyene. Lesi yi-slag ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuncibilika nokuthulula. Kalula nje, kunamaphuzu amathathu ayisihluthulelo okukhomba amehlo e-slag: atholakala engxenyeni engenhla ye-casting, udonga lwangaphakathi lubushelelezi, futhi kukhona ingilazi efana ne-brittle slag ngaphakathi. Isizathu esibalulekile somehluko oyinhloko sihlukile: ukuguquguquka kwesihlabathi kuyinkinga engokwenyama neyomshini, futhi imbangela eyinhloko ukuthi isikhunta sesihlabathi asiqinile ngokwanele noma ukugeleza kwensimbi "kunobudlova". Iso le-slag yinkinga yamakhemikhali e-metallurgical, esekelwe ekuhlanzeni okunganele kokuncibilika noma ukwehluleka ukuthulula ukuvinjelwa kwe-slag. 

Ithiphu yokwahlulela: Uma kutholakala iphutha ekulingisini: 

1 Okokuqala, hlola ukuthi ikuphi: uma isici sikwelinye icala lesango noma ekhoneni lesikhunta, qala ngokusola ukukhukhuleka kwesihlabathi; Uma iphutha lingaphezulu kwendawo yokuphonsa noma ngaphansi kwesikhuphukeli, izinsolo zokuqala izimbobo ze-slag. 

2. Bheka futhi ngaphakathi: Uma kuyisihlabathi ngaphakathi, kufanele kube ukuguquguquka kwesihlabathi; Uma kukhona ingilazi efana ne-brittle slag ngaphakathi, kufanele kube amehlo e-slag.

Isixazululo sokukhukhula kwesihlabathi kanye nokukhubazeka kwemigodi ye-slag ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga kusetshenziswa isihlabathi esiluhlaza. 

I-1, Ingqikithi yokuguquguquka kwesihlabathi ukuthi amandla esikhunta sesihlabathi awakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wokugeleza koketshezi. Ngakho-ke, ikhambi kufanele libe indlela ekabili: ukuqinisa isikhunta sesihlabathi nokuthuthukisa ukubunjwa. Inketho 1: Ukuthuthukisa ngokuphelele amandla esikhunta sesihlabathi kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuxazulula ukukhukhuleka kwesihlabathi. 1. Lungiselela izakhiwo zesihlabathi: Khulisa okuqukethwe kwe-bentonite ephumelelayo: Gcwalisa njalo i-bentonite entsha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwayo okusebenzayo kungaphakathi kwezidingo zenqubo (ngokuvamile i-7% -10%). Ukulawula umswakama ngokunembile: Uma umswakama uphezulu kakhulu, isikhunta sesihlabathi sizothamba, futhi uma umswakama uphansi kakhulu, isikhunta sesihlabathi sizoba brittle. Ngokulawula izinga lokuminyanisa, thola iphoyinti elifanele lomswakamo (ngokuvamile liguquguquka lizungeze u-3-4% womswakama, kodwa ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sokuminyanisa). Yehlisa uthuli oludala lwesihlabathi: Qinisa ukugeleza komoya kokukhipha uthuli, susa njalo isihlabathi esidala futhi wengeze isihlabathi esisha, futhi ulawule okuqukethwe kothuli ngaphansi kuka-12% -15%. Qinisekisa ukuxuba nokugaya okwanele: Qinisekisa isikhathi esanele sokuxuba ukugoqa ngokulinganayo i-bentonite nomswakama ebusweni bezinhlayiya zesihlabathi, ukwakha "ifilimu yobumba" enamandla. 

2. Thuthukisa ubulukhuni bobuso kanye nobuningi besikhunta sesihlabathi: Hlola futhi ukwandise ukucindezela kokucindezela komshini wokubumba ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukuqina kwe-Skaller kwesikhunta sesihlabathi, ikakhulukazi izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nama-grooves nezimbobo ekubunjweni, kufinyelela amayunithi angu-90 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuminyana okufanayo: Hlola imbobo yomjovo wesihlabathi kanye nepuleti lokuhlanganisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingxenye zesikhunta sesihlabathi zinokuhlangana okufanayo futhi azikho izindawo ezixekethile. 

3. Qinisa ukuvikelwa kwendawo yesikhunta: sebenzisa izigqoko zekhwalithi ephezulu: fafaza noma uxube ungqimba lwe-refractory coating (njenge-zircon powder coating) ezindaweni ezivame ukukhukhulwa kwesihlabathi (njengendawo ehambisanayo ye-sprue). Lokhu kulingana nokubeka ungqimba "lwezikhali" esikhunjeni sesihlabathi. Qinisekisa ukuthi upende womile: Upende kufanele womiswe kahle noma uthungeleke ukuze wakhe ungqimba oluqinile olukwazi ukumelana nomlilo. Empeleni upende ongasomile cishe uzokhukhuleka. 

Inketho yesi-2: Lungiselela idizayini yesistimu yokuthulula ukuze ucime ukugeleza kwensimbi "okunodlame" Ukwamukela isistimu yokuthela evulekile: ukwenza isilinganiso sendawo yesiphambano se-sprue, umgijimi, kanye nomgijimi wangaphakathi kube okunengqondo (okufana no-1.5:1.2:1.0), ukuqinisekisa ukugcwaliswa okubushelelezi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe nokugwema ukufafaza. 2. Khulisa indawo ephambanayo ye-sprue: Lena indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa izinga lokugeleza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe emgodini wesikhunta. Njengoba ijubane lincipha, amandla okukhuhla ngokwemvelo aba buthaka kakhulu. 3. Shintsha isiqondiso se-sprue: Ungaqondisi umhluzi ngqo odongeni lwesikhunta noma umgogodla wesihlabathi. Ungashintsha isiqondiso sayo ukuze ulandele isiqondiso se-tangent sodonga lwesikhunta futhi usebenzise "ukugeleza kodonga" esikhundleni sokuthi "ukugeleza komthelela" ukuze ugcwalise isikhunta. 4. Misa isakhiwo "sedamu" noma "isikhunta": misa isikhwama sokuqoqa i-slag esiteshini sokuthela esiphambanayo, noma usethe i-protrusion yesikhunta sesihlabathi (ibhlokhi yomhlatshelo) ngaphambili komthelela wokugeleza kwensimbi ukuze uthwale ngenkuthalo futhi udle amandla omthelela, uvikele umgodi oyinhloko ngemuva. 

Ipulani yesi-3: Linganisa ukusebenza nokulawula izinga lokushisa elithelayo: Ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukugcwala nokugeleza, gwema izinga lokushisa elithe xaxa lokuthulula ukuze unciphise umphumela wokuguguleka okushisayo esikhunjeni sesihlabathi. Ukuthela okubushelelezi: Ngesikhathi uthela, qondanisa inkomishi ethelayo futhi ugcine umlomo wombhobho useduze kakhulu nenkomishi ethelayo ukuze wenze "ukugeleza okuzinzile" futhi ugweme ukuchaphazeka kanye nomthelela woketshezi lwensimbi. 

I-2, Isixazululo sesici se-"slag eye" ukuthi ingqikithi yeso le-slag ukuthi "i-slag ingene emgodini wesikhunta". Ngakho-ke, umnyombo wesixazululo "ukuvimbela" kanye "nokuhlela". 

Uhlelo 1: Qinisa ukuvinjwa kwe-slag ngaphambi kokuncibilika nokuthulula Khipha kahle i-slag: Ngemva kokushaya insimbi esithandweni somlilo sikagesi noma isithando somlilo, susa kahle futhi ngokucophelela i-slag ku-ladle. Ngemuva kokususwa kwe-slag, ungqimba lwe-ejenti yokumboza (njenge-perlite) ingafafazwa ebusweni bensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuvimbela i-oxidation yesibili futhi ihlukanise umoya, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukukhiqizwa kwe-slag entsha.

 2. Ukusebenzisa isikhwama setiye: Lesi isilinganiso esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Umklamo oyingqayizivele wesikhwama se-teapot uvumela uketshezi lwensimbi ukuba luphume lusuka phansi, kuyilapho i-slag intanta phezulu futhi ivinjwe udonga lokuhlukanisa, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ukuvinjelwa kwe-slag okuzenzakalelayo. 

Inketho yesi-2: Lungiselela uhlelo lokuthulula futhi usethe "i-slag trap". Uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokuthulula ngokwalo luyisihlungi se-slag esisebenzayo. 

1. Sebenzisa inkomishi ye-sprue enomsebenzi wokuvimbela i-slag: Khipha inkomishi ye-sprue: Ngaphambi kokuthela, i-slag esintantayo intanta phezulu kwendebe ye-sprue. Ngemva kokukhipha ipulaki, uketshezi lwensimbi oluhlanzekile lungena esprue kusukela phansi. Isihlungi sepuleti: Ukubeka isihlungi se-ceramic ngaphansi kwendebe ye-sprue noma kumgijimi kungavimba ngokoqobo ingxenye enkulu ye-slag. 

2. Sebenzisa ngokugcwele umphumela wokuvinjwa kwe-slag womgijimi oguquguqukayo: sebenzisa "ukugeleza okunensayo, ukugcwalisa okugcwele" umgijimi oguquguqukayo: qinisekisa ukuthi umgijimi ophambanayo unendawo eyanele ephambanayo ukuze igcwaliswe ngokuphelele ngensimbi encibilikisiwe, ukuze i-slag izovaleleka phezulu komgijimi oguquguqukayo ngenxa yomphumela ontantayo okhuphukayo futhi ngeke angene kumgijimi ongaphakathi. Setha isikhwama seqoqo le-slag: Dizayina "isikhwama seqoqo le-slag" kumgijimi. Ngenxa yokuminyana okuphansi kwe-slag, azontanta phezulu futhi aqoqwe kulolu gibe 'esikhundleni sokungena emgodini wesikhunta.

 Qinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama sokuqoqa i-slag sitholakala ekugcineni okungemuva komgijimi ongaphakathi. Uhlelo 3: Hlela imisebenzi yokuthulula 1 Ukuthulula okuqhubekayo: Phakathi nenqubo yokuthela, ukugeleza akukwazi ukuphazanyiswa. Uma ukugeleza kuphazamisekile, umoya uzongena ku-ladle bese wenza i-oxide slag entsha. 

2. Gcina inkomishi ye-sprue igcwele: Gcwalisa inkomishi ye-sprue ngensimbi encibilikisiwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni ukuze udale ukucindezela okumile futhi uvumele i-slag ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi intante endaweni yenkomishi ye-sprue ngaphandle kokungena ku-sprue. Uma kwenzeka iphutha, sicela uqale ngokunembayo unqume ukuthi ngabe imbobo yesihlabathi noma imbobo ye-slag ngokusekelwe kuzici zayo, bese unikeza umuthi ofanele: ukuze ubhekane nokukhukhuleka kwesihlabathi, umgogodla "isikhunta sesihlabathi esiqinile, isilinganiso sokugeleza kancane". Hlola amandla nokubumbana kwesihlabathi sakho, bese uhlola ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokuthela 'lunodlame' kakhulu yini. Ukubhekana nama-scumbags: Okubalulekile 'ukuhlanza udoti futhi usethe ikhadi elihle'. Hlola ukuthi ukususwa kwe-slag kwakho kuphelele yini, uma i-ladle yokuthululela i-teapot ladle, futhi uma uhlelo lwakho lokuthulula lunezakhiwo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela i-slag (njengezihlungi nabaqoqi be-slag). Ngale ndlela ehlelekile, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinkinga zingaxazululwa ngempumelelo, ngcono kakhulu izinga lokulingisa.